Macro photography of the coins reveals Crystallisation & of the metal. Scientists understand this extreme decay of the metal exhibits breaking down of the metals at Atomic Level ; which cannot be replicated by heating or chemicals. This atomic decay is only seen with metals 1,500 +++ years in age & is typically seen in ancient Roman artefacts.
Ancient japanese Silver coin Hoard discovered by Cambridge born UK Man with Australian citizenship, residing in Japan. Inadvertent discovery of the ancient 1st japanese silver coins after UK man buys antique Hibachi from antique markets in Kyoto & finds the mysterious coins hidden in the Ash of the Hibachi. Then asks major japanese national museums for details, only to be told the museums have no idea of the origins of these odd shaped silver coins. When found the coins were heavily calcite encrusted with no visible coloured metal exposed.
Later while browsing in a used book store in Umeda Osaka Mr Hardy was thumbing his way through a 1983 Japanese Osaka Museum catalogue & found on page 57 six identical silver Mumon Ginsen coins, ( from the SHIGA 13 Mumon Ginsen collection ), that the catalogue stated were designated Kokuho JAPANESE NATIONAL TREASURE.
Research on the Web and consulting ancient coin experts Mr Hardy was advised Hand Cleaning with dental picks and Distilled Water with extreme Caution, as ancient silver coins are very Fragile, ' like Potato Crisps'. Some 6 weeks later Mr Hardy coined, ( no pun intended ), the phrase, ' PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen' . After hand cleaning the PIN Hole coin.
The coins were then shown to chief archaeologist Aya Nakagawa of the NARA National Museum who confirmed the identity of the coins as Genuine Ancient 1,750 years old silver Mumon Ginsen. Then recommended the coins be shown to Professor Keiji Matsumura the top japanese government Archaeologist Director General of NABUNKEN in Nara Japan. January 5th 2017 the collection was shown to Prof Keiji Matsumura who carefully inspected Each coin, then placing his index finger on each coin & stating Genuine Authentic Silver Mumon Ginsen. Then stated Each of these coins is designated japanese NATIONAL TREASURE or Kokuho , with the PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen being 85% ~ 95% pure Silver.
My Hardy was then asked would he like to donate the collection to NABUNKEN?. Advised by the Vice director of NABUNKEN at the same meeting, IF you have a Large Mumon Ginsen shaped like a Lotus Seed or Chestnut * You cannot keep it !. ( No further explanation or WARNINGS of DANGER forthcoming ). I then Asked could I be issued with a COA for these coins & was Very Bluntly Refused : Then enquired where I could sell the collection. Hiroshi Sugiyama looking at Prof Keiji Matsumura sugessted ( chocchipcookie ) Prof Keiji Matsumura shook his head indicating NO !.
I Was Advised by Vice Director Sugiyama " ONLY Nabunken can XRF Analysis Data Test these coins so the Test results read Ag SILVER : This immediately aroused my suspicions that NABUNKEN & The Director General Prof Keiji Matsumura & vice Director Sugiyama were *Involved in Fraud involving ancient japanese Mumon Ginsen coins. I then Asked where can I get XRF Analysis Data testing for these Mumon Ginsen ?. Hiroshi Sugiyama looking at Prof Keiji Matsumura suggested, " Brucker or Brunner Prof Keiji Matsumura again shook his head indicating NO !. Hiroshi Sugiyama looking at Prof Keiji Matsumura then suggested , " ENDO ". Prof Keiji Matsumura then appeared Angry & again shook his head indicating NO !!!.
June 2017 I proceeded to have the 24 x Mumon Ginsen XRF Analysis Data Tested with Shizuoka Testing agent who's services we saw listed on Yahoo Japan Auction. XRF Analysis Data Test agents name ENDO. Test results are published on these web pages.
Not satisfied with the XRF Analysis Data test from Shizuoka I later in October proceeded to KANAGAWA UNIVERSITY SCIENCE Department for further XRF Analysis Data testing of the 24 + numerous other Mumon Ginsen all of which Professor Matsumura had stated were Ag Silver & The PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen 85% ~ 95% Pure Ag Silver.
Kanagawa University Science Department Test results *confirmed my suspicions NABUNKEN was involved in Serious Major Fraud & had submitted False Scientific XRF Analysis Data to the JAPANESE GOVERNMENT, that Mumon Ginsen are Ag Silver………..When in point of Scientific Fact ALL Mumon Ginsen coins are 60% LEAD & 40% ARSNIC.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_poisoning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lead_poisoning
Back in June 2017 Investigators were advised Prof Keiji Matsumura was protected by corrupted entities in japanese government & corrupted Police in Nara. January 5th 2018 Police complaints lodged with Nara police. Friday 30th March the TSUJIKUBO police officer in Nara Government advised me this police complaint would be *Ignored as the Nara Police were advised, " This complaint is only the *Opinion of Mr Hardy & is NOT in anyway evidence of a crime or Fraud by NABUNKEN " . June 2017 special investigators & Dr Hardy heard testimony from friend/close associate of Professor Keiji Matsumura that the associate & Matsumura were digging ancient japanese coins from burial crypts in KYOTO NARA & SHIGA prefectures and selling on Yahoo Japan auction here https://auctions.yahoo.co.jp/seller/k_coin0064
Another Witness stated that he saw in spring 2017 the Friend /close associate, ( of Prof Keiji Matsumura'), very distinctive vehicle in Nara -shi.
NABUNKEN Nara Cultural Properties Research Instituite director General Mr Keiji Matsumura . Certified the ancient japanese Mumon Ginsen coins Keiji Matsumura inspected
17/1/2017 were *All Genuine Authentic Mumon Ginsen. Keiji Matsumura using his index finger pushed each of the coins on the table & stated HONMONO ~ KOKUHO = Genuine Authentic & Japanese National Treasure so cannot be exported.
無文銀銭LEFT : Mint Condition Ancient Japanese Silver PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen 9.4Grams 25mmX25mmX2mm . RIGHT : Circulated Worn condition Ancient Japanese Silver PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen 3.3Grams. Worn condition ancient japanese silver PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen dispels the myth of PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen being used only for religious Gifts to the Gods. Significant Wear exhibited by the RIGHT PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen requires very considerable Circulation.
6/6/2017 Further definative proof Ancient Japanese Silver PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen were circulated coins used as currency. Exhibited for the very first time a well worn Ancient Japanese Silver PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen that on cleaning 6/6/2017 the encrusted Calcite PIN Hole appeared on what was thought to be a piece of Ancient Japanese Silver or Ginsen.
MAURYA EMPIRE.
The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron age historical power founded by CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA which dominated ancient India between c.322 and 187 BCE. Originating from the kingdom of Magadha in the Indogangetic plain in the Eastern side of the Indian subcontinent, the empire had its capital city at Pataliputra ( modern Patna ). The empire was the largest to have ever existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning 5 million square kilometers at its zenith under ASHOKA.
Chandragupta Maurya raised an army & with the assistance of Chanakya overthrew the Nanda Empire in c.322 BCE & rapidly expanded his power Westwards across central & western India taking advantage of the disruptions caused by the withdrawal westward of Alexander the Greats armies. By 316BCE the empire had fully occupied Nothwestern India, defeating & conquering the SATRAPS left by Alexander. Chandragupta then defeatd the invasion led by SELEUCUS I, a Macidonian General from Alexander's army, gaining additional territory West of the INDUS RIVER. Maurya Empire was one of the largest empires of the world in its time. At its greatest extent, the empire streached to the North along natural boundries of the Himalayas, to the East into Assam, to the West into Balochistan ( Southwest Pakistan into Iran ) and the Hindu Kush mountains of what is now Afghanistan. The Empire was expanded into into Indias central and Southern regions by the emperors chandragupta and Bindusara, but it excluded a small portion of unexplored triabl and forested regions near Kalinga ( Modern Odisha ), until it was conquered by ASHOKA. It declined for about 50 years after Ashoka's rule ended, & it dissolved in 185BCE with foundation of the Shunga dynasty in Magadha. Under chndragupta & his successors, internal & external trade, agriculture & economic activities all thrived & expanded accross India thanks to the creation of a single & efficient system of finance dministration, and security. After the Kalinga War, the Empire experienced nearly half a century of peace and security under ASHOKA. Mauryan India also enjoyed an era of social harmony, religious transformation and expansion of the sciences & of knowledge. Chandragupta Maurya's embrace of Jainism increased social and religious renewal & reform accross his society, while ASHOKA"S embrace of BUDDHISM has been said to have been the Foundation of the reign of social and political Peace & non -violence accross all of India. ASHOKA sponsored the spreading of Buddhist ideals into Sri Lanka, southeast Asia, West Asia & Mediterranean Europe.
The population of the empire has been estimated at 50 - 60 Million, making the Mauryan Empire one of the most populous empires f Antiquity.
無文銀銭Ancient Japanese Silver Mumon Ginsen. Book? or purse shaped?. Crystallised or Embrittled SILVER 1,500+++ Years old. Ag will only crystallise after 1,500 years in the ground. Author Mr Robert Beauford - Cleaning Ancient Coins , considered the worlds foremost expert on ancient Silver, kindly assisted with knowledgeable advice re this collection that was All HAND CLEANED, no chemicals no machines no electrolysis.
Ancient Japanese SILVER Mumon Ginsen. Uncleaned exhibits Horn Silver indicative of Ancient age Silver 1,500+++ Years old. 2,000 Year Old Roman SILVER coins are identical to this patina when uncleaned. Silver when buried for 1,500 +++ years will Crystallise & become embrittled. This Mumon Ginsen will be Hand cleaned with Dentists tools. .
Iconic symbol of Buddhism exhibited in this Ancient 無文銀銭 2.71 Grams. Right Foot shape Big Toe & Toe Nail easily seen. Defines japanese Buddhists in Japan using Silver in designs & Shapes for currency, as early as 538, currency directly associated with known Buddhist Designs. Pieces of unshaped Silver in this collection used as currency pre Date the shaped Silver Mumon Ginsen. Yen5,000,000
2.8Gram Ancient Silver MUMON GINSEN ( Monkey Foot shape ) , 18mm X16mm X2.5mm. Y4,800,000 ( probably Shinto origins & one of the very 1st Shinto religion shaped Silver MUMON GINSEN produced. Extensive research indicates the 1st shaped Silver Mumon Ginsen in Japan were produced by Buddhists Hundreds of years prior to the official Dates Buddhism was officially designated the main Religion in Japan 528. 580 saw the Ancient Japanese religious Wars commence SHINTO vs BUDDHISM with Buddhism the victors. Shinto the Longer established 1st Japanese religion produced Silver Mumon Ginsen of irregular shapes e.g. rough pieces of Silver or widely variable grade silver. The newly established Buddhists in Nara appear to have Discovered a Richer purer source of Silver of exceedingly *High Quality late 80?% ~ 90?% purity. Higher purity Silver and designated Weights and measure system for the Buddhist Silver MUMON GINSEN formed the 1st Japanese *Silver currency. Establishing Trade & Commerce between Nara, Ise, Shiga & Wakayama prefectures. Shapes of the MUMON GINSEN reflected Iconic Trade Goods of the Day Shell fish & Buddhist designs & the all important PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen. The PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen with Mokan stamped BAN KOSHI or DAI are thought to be the *Original PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen. PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen that were *Unmarked without Buddhist designs or writing are thought to be copies or forgeries. Low quality silver high lead content of the forged PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen are the Hall Marks of forgers producing a flat more roundish shape PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen. Many examples of these forged Ginsen are seen on the WEB today.
One of a kind, very important Ancient SILVER Mumon Ginsen Ingot Shape. Exhibits Weights & Measures and Purity established. *High Purity Silver 90?%. 1/2 Cleaned with encrusted Calcite intact. ( Ingot shaped Ginsen like this ingot would have been Sold to artisans to produce only the PIN Hole Mumon Ginsen & various other shaped High purity Silver Mumon Ginsen. 24.9Grams. 75mmX25mmX5mm. Yen24,000,000